KPV

KPV is a tripeptide (Lysine-Proline-Valine) derived from the C-terminal end of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). It is used exclusively for laboratory research. In addition, KPV is recognized for its strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Unlike full-length α-MSH, it does not produce melanotropic effects such as skin darkening.

This lyophilized peptide is synthesized to ≥98% purity and verified by independent HPLC and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, KPV serves as a research tool for studying NF-κB pathway inhibition, cytokine modulation (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and neutrophil migration in in vitro and preclinical models. Unlike glucocorticoids, it works through non-steroidal mechanisms. Therefore, it is valuable for inflammation research without typical immunosuppressive side effects.

Key Features

High Purity: ≥98% confirmed by third-party HPLC analysis

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory: No glucocorticoid receptor involvement

No Melanotropic Activity: Does not activate melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R)

Stable Lyophilized Format: Allows easy reconstitution for cell culture or preclinical research

Research Use Only: Not for human consumption, clinical diagnosis, or veterinary application

Specifications

Specification | Detail
Molecular Formula | C₁₆H₂₉N₅O₄
Molecular Weight | 355.43 g/mol
Sequence | H-Lys-Pro-Val-OH
Purity | ≥98% (HPLC)
Appearance | White lyophilized powder
Storage (Lyophilized) | -20°C, protected from light and moisture
Storage (Reconstituted) | 2–8°C for up to 7 days; aliquot for longer storage

Research Applications

KPV is widely used in preclinical research models investigating inflammatory and immune-related conditions. For example, it is studied in:

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Models: Colitis reduction through NF-κB suppression

Dermatological Research: Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and wound healing

Neuroinflammation: Microglial activation and cytokine regulation

Autoimmune Conditions: Rheumatoid arthritis and uveitis models

Typical Research Parameters

Parameter | Recommendation
Reconstitution | Sterile water or PBS (pH 7.0–7.4)
In Vitro Concentration | 1–100 µM
Preclinical Dosage (Rodent) | 25–200 µg/kg, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous
Cell Culture Stability | 24–48 hours in serum-containing media

Note: These values are for laboratory protocol design only and not for medical dosing.

Mechanism of Action

KPV exerts its research-documented effects through several biological pathways. In particular, it directly inhibits NF-κB signaling by blocking p65 nuclear translocation. In addition, it suppresses key inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8.

Moreover, it modulates neutrophil activity by reducing chemotaxis and oxidative burst. Finally, it enhances epithelial barrier function by upregulating tight junction proteins in experimental models.

Quality Assurance

This KPV product undergoes strict quality control procedures to ensure research reliability. For example:

HPLC Purity Verification: ≥98% with full chromatographic trace

Mass Spectrometry Confirmation: Molecular weight validated

Endotoxin Testing: <1 EU/mg for cell culture compatibility

Batch Tracking: Certificate of Analysis available for each lot